| Rise of Nationalism In Europe |
- How were liberty and equality for women to be defined?
- Define the main aim of the French Revolutionaries.
- Explain why the decade of the 1830s is known as the ‘great economic hardship’ in Europe. Give reasons.
- What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
- Briefly trace the process of German unification.
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| Nationalism In India Important |
- Describe the role of poor peasantry in the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement.’
- Why did Gandhiji decide to withdraw from the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922?
- Explain the measures taken by Gandhiji to eliminate the problem of untouchability.
- How patriotism can be introduced in a person?
- What is nationalism?
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| The Making of a Global World |
- Explain what we mean when we say that the world ‘shrank’ in the 1500s.
- Explain what “canal colonies” are.
- "New crops can significantly impact survival and well-being." Provide evidence to support this statement.
- The most powerful weapon of the Spanish conqueror was not a conventional military weapon at all. Justify the above statement by giving two reasons.
- The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world. Explain how.
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| The Age of Industrialisation |
- Why How did cotton factories become an intimate part of the English landscape in the early 19th century? Explain.the port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century?
- Who were gomasthas? Why were they appointed? How did they treat the weavers?
- How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from Indian weavers?
- Why did the elite of Britain prefer handmade goods in the mid-nineteenth century?
- How did cotton factories become an intimate part of the English landscape in the early 19th century?
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| Print Culture and the Modern World |
- What was the earliest kind of print technology developed in China, Japan and Korea?
- Define the Print Revolution.
- What are some new forms of publications which came into circulation in India? Discuss.
- Why do some historians think that print culture created the basis for the French Revolution?
- Why did the British government curb the freedom of the Indian press after the revolt of 1857?
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| Resources and Development |
- Which soil is known as cotton soil?
- Give two examples of renewable resources.
- What is Agenda 21?
- What is Laterite soil?
- Why has the land under forests not increased much from 1960-61?
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| Forest and Wildlife Resources |
- What are the negative factors that cause such fearful depletion of the flora and fauna?
- Are colonial forest policies to be blamed?
- What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity important for human lives?
- Justify how the destruction of forests and wildlife is not just a biological issue.
- How did the destruction of wildlife result in the loss of cultural diversity?
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| Water Resources |
- What are dams and how do they help us in conserving and managing water?
- Explain about Narmada Bachao Andolan or Save Narmada Movement.
- Basic safety precautions are to be taken during floods.
- What are the main causes of water scarcity?
- Is it possible that an area or region may have ample water resources but is still facing water scarcity?
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| Agriculture |
- Mention some of the states of India where Intensive Subsistence Farming is practised.
- Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.
- Give some examples of crops that may be commercial in one region and may provide subsistence in another region.
- Define the 3 main features of a ‘Kharif crop season’'
- Name any two major fibre crops grown in India. Describe the conditions required to grow these two crops.
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| Minerals and Energy Resources |
- What is a mineral? Where are minerals found?
- What is the difference between an open pit mine, a quarry and an underground mine with shafts?
- What are the impacts of mining on the health of the miners and the environment?
- Explain how fossil fuels are formed. Give some examples.
- Define solar energy. How is it utilised?
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| Manufacturing Industries |
- Classify industries based on source of raw material. How are they different from each other?
- Name four agro-based and four mineral-based industries.
- Name the main countries to which India exports its cotton yarn and cotton goods.
- Name some countries which are the main buyers of Indian jute products.
- Why are the sugar mills located close to the sugarcane fields?
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| Development |
- Define the term Per Capita income.
- Define the term National Income?
- Define GDP
- What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries?
- Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in which age group?
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| Sectors of the Indian Economy |
- Classify the economy based on ownership of enterprises.
- What is disguised unemployment?
- Production of a commodity, mostly through the natural process is an activity of which sector?
- Name the sector in which the government owns most of the assets and provides all the services.
- Suggest any one way to create employment opportunities in the rural areas.
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| Money and Credit |
- Why do banks ask for collateral while giving credit to a borrower?
- What do banks do with the deposits they accept from customers?
- What is the main informal source of credit for rural households in India?
- What is the meaning of ‘barter system’?
- What is meant by double coincidence of wants?
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| Globalization and The Indian Economy |
- Why is ‘tax’ on imports known as a trade barrier?
- Which organization lays stress on the liberalization of foreign trade and foreign investment?
- Give one characteristic feature of a ‘Special Economic Zone’.
- What do you understand by the term ‘Foreign Direct Investment’?
- Why had the Indian Government put barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment after independence? State any one reason.
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