| 1. | What are the three economic hardships faced by Europe in the 1830s? |
| 2. | How did nationalism develop through culture in Europe? Explain. |
| 3. | It is true to say that culture played an important role in the development of nationalism in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries. This can be justified with the following examples:
a. Romanticism and cultural movements in Greece helped in developing the feeling of nationalism, a sense of togetherness, and love for the country through language, art, poetry, stories songs, music, and past experiences.
b. Karol Kurpinski a Polish artist was able to develop the feeling of nationalism through his operas, music, and folk dances.
c. The Poland people were fighting with Russia for their language and culture. |
| 4. | Explain the process of unification of Italy. |
| 5. | Explain the contribution of Otto van Bismarck to German unification. |
| 6. | Explain any three ways in which nationalist feelings were kept alive in Poland in the 18th and 19th centuries. |
| 7. | Explain any three features of the 'nation-state' that emerged in Europe in the twentieth century. |
| 8. | Explain any three features of the 'nation-state' that emerged in Europe in the twentieth century. |
| 9. | Explain any three measures introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. |
| 10. | Describe in brief the process by which the 'British nation' came into existence. |
| 11. | Describe any three reforms introduced by Napoleon in the territories he conquered. |
| 12. | Describe the explosive conditions that prevailed in the Balkans after 1871 in Europe. |
| 13. | 'Nationalism no longer retained its idealistic liberal democratic sentiments by the last quarter of the 19th century in Europe.' Analyse the statement with examples. |
| 14. | Explain any four changes brought about in Europe by the Treaty of Vienna [1815]. |
| 15. | Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act 1919 Explain any three reasons |
| 16. | 'The Civil Disobedience Movement was different from the Non-Cooperation Movement.' Support the statement with examples. |
| 17. | How did Salt March become an effective tool of resistance against colonialism? Explain. |
| 18. | Explain the idea of Satyagraha according to Gandhiji. |
| 19. | How did the First World War create a new economic situation in colonial India? Give 3 reasons |
| 20. | How did cultural processes help in creating a sense of collective belongingness in India? Explain |
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