CBSE 12 Maths Probability Important Question 2025: Check Detailed Blue Print

1

In a school, there are 1000 students, out of which 430 are girls. It is known that out of 430, 10% of the girls study in class XII. What is the probability that a student chosen randomly studies in Class XII given that the chosen student is a girl?

2

Consider the experiment of tossing a coin. If the coin shows head, toss it again but if it shows tail, then throw a die. Find the conditional probability of the event that 'the die shows a number greater than 4' given that 'there is at least one tail'.

3

Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. If a family has two children, what is the conditional probability that both are girls given that

(i) the youngest is a girl, (ii) at least one is a girl?

4

An instructor has a question bank consisting of 300 easy True / False questions, 200 difficult True / False questions, 500 easy multiple choice questions and 400 difficult multiple choice questions. If a question is selected at random from the question bank, what is the probability that it will be an easy question given that it is a multiple choice question?

5

If P(A) = ½, P(B) =0, then P(AIB) is

6

If A and B are events such that P(AIB) = P(BIA), then

(A) Ac B but A # B

(B) A = B

(C) AnB =ф

(D) P(A) = P(B)

7

An unbiased die is thrown twice. Let event A be 'odd number on the first throw  and B the event odd number on the second throw'. Check the independence of the events A and B.

8

IfA and B are two independent events, then the probability of occurrence of at least one of A and B is given by 1- P(A) P(B)

9

Probability of solving specific problems independently by A and B are 2 and respectively. If both try to solve the problem independently, find the probability that

i) the problem is solved

(ii) exactly one of them solves the problem.

10

In a hostel, 60% of the students read Hindi newspapers, 40% read English newspapers and 20% read both Hindi and English newspapers. A student is selected at random.

• Find the probability that she reads neither Hindi nor English newspapers.
• If she reads Hindi newspapers, find the probability that she reads English newspapers.
• If she reads English newspapers, find the probability that she reads Hindi newspapers.

11

The probability of obtaining an even prime number on each die, when a pair of dice is rolled is?

12

Two events A and B will be independent, if

• A and B are mutually exclusive
• P(A'B) = [1 - P(A)] [1 - P(B)]
• P(A) = P(B)
• P(A) + P(B) = 1

13

A person has undertaken a construction job. The probabilities are 0.65 that there will be a strike, 0.80 that the construction job will be completed on time if there is no strike, and 0.32 that the construction job will be completed on time if there is a strike. Determine the probability that the construction job will be completed on time.

14

Suppose that the reliability of a HIV test is specified as follows:

Of people having HIV, 90% of the test detect the disease but 10% go undetected. Of people free of HIV, 99% of the tests are judged HIV-negative but 1% are diagnosed as showing HIV +ive. From a large population of which only 0.1% have HIV, one person is selected at random, given the HIV test, and the pathologist reports him/her as HIV positive. What is the probability that the person actually has HIV?

15

In a factory which manufactures bolts, machines A, B and C manufacture respectively 25%, 35% and 40% of the bolts. Of their outputs, 5, 4 and 2 percent are respectively defective bolts. A bolt is drawn at random from the product and is found to be defective. What is the probability that it is manufactured by machine B?

16

A man is known to speak the truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and reports that it is a six. Find the probability that it is actually a six.

17

In answering a question on a multiple choice test, a student either knows the answer or guesses. Let ¾ be the probability that he knows the answer and ¼  be the probability that he guesses. Assuming that a student who guesses at the answer will be correct with probability 1/4. What is the probability that the student knows the answer given that he answered it correctly.

18

A laboratory blood test is 99% effective in detecting a certain disease when it is in fact present. However, the test also yields a false positive result for 0.5% of the healthy person tested (i.e. if a healthy person is tested, then, with probability 0.005, the test will imply he has the disease). If 0.1 percent of the population actually has the disease, what is the probability that a person has the disease given that his test result is positive ?

19

There are three coins. One is a two headed coin (having head on both faces), another is a biased coin that comes up heads 75% of the time and third is an unbiased coin. One of the three coins is chosen at random and tossed, it shows heads, what is the probability that it was the two headed coin?

20

Suppose a girl throws a die. If she gets a 5 or 6, she tosses a coin three times and notes the number of heads. If she gets 1, 2, 3 or 4, she tosses a coin once and notes whether a head or tail is obtained. If she obtained exactly one head, what is the probability that she threw 1, 2, 3 or 4 with the die?